Wednesday, March 14, 2012

Pre-Intermediate Grammar


CAUSATIVE VERB

Causative Verb adalah kata kerja yang digunakan jika seseorang membuat
orang lain untuk melakukan sesuatu. Kata kerja yang termasuk dalam
Causative Verb antara lain: Let, Have, Make, Get, Force, dll.

Bentuk dasar dari Causative Verb ada dua, yaitu Aktif dan Pasif, sebagai contoh:

Active
I had John fix the car.
(I arranged for the car to be fixed by John — I caused him to fix it.)
Saya yang mengatur agar John memperbaiki mobil itu.

Passive
I had the car fixed.
(I arranged for the car to be fixed by someone. We don't know who, so
this is like a passive.) Saya yang mengatur seseorang (tdk disebutkan)
untuk memperbaiki mobil itu.

The active causative structure – Struktur Bentuk Aktif
Ini adalah struktur dasar dari bentuk aktif:

Subject Causative verb Agent Action verb (V1) Object
Susan had her brother do her homework.
The police had the suspect stop his car.
We had the carpenter fix our window.

The passive causative structure – Struktur Bentuk Pasif
Ini adalah struktur dasar bentuk Pasif, dimana agen/pelaku aksi tidak
disebutkan :

Subject Causative verb Object Action verb (Past Participle - V3)
We had our door fixed.
Yukiko had her hair cut.
Sanjay had the windows cleaned.

These are some examples of the most common causative verbs.

Verb Meaning
have give (memberikan tanggungjawab kepada seseorang untuk
melakukan sesuatu)
Form of Verb : plain form
active = I will have my friend do my homework;
pasive = I will have my homework done.

make force, compel (memaksa seseorang melakukan sesuatu)
Form of verb : plain form
The robbers made us lie on the floor.
The robbers force us to lie on the floor.
[No passive form]

get convince(meyakinkan/ membuat seseorang untuk melakukan sesuatu)
Form of Verb : "to"infinitive
active = I got Jae Won to pick me up in the car.
pasive = She got her hair cut.

let Allow, permit (membolehkan, mengijinkan seseorang
melakukan sesuatu) Form of Verb : plain form
I'll let you borrow my bike.
I'll allow you to borrow my bike.
Because of the earthquake, the teacher permitted the students to leave the class
[No passive form]

Other Causative Verb

- Help – Assist - Aid
Help = assist = aid = membantu. Help dapat diikuti dengan Action Verb
1 dan to infinitive, sedangkan assist dan aid hanya diikuti dengan
bentuk to infinitive.

Contoh:
• He will help me do my job.
• He will help me to do my job.
• He will assist me to do my job.
• He will aid me to do my job. (Dia akan membantuku mengerjakan pekerjaanku).

- Cause – Enable - Require
Penggunaan cause (menyebabkan), enable (memungkinkan), keep (menjaga/
mempertahankan), hold (menahan), require (mempersyaratkan/
membutuhkan), ect. Hanya diikuti bentuk to infinitive.

Contoh:
• The badly manufactured LPG tanks have caused many of them to
explode. (Tabung-tabung gas LPG yang dibuat dengan jelek telah
menyebabkan banyak dari tabung-tabung itu meledak).
• A high English proficiency will enable us to study abroad.
(Kemampuan bahasa Inggris yang tinggi akan memungkinkan kita belajar
di luar negeri).
• Most Canadian universities require student candidates to have a
TOEFL score of at least 550. (Kebanyakan universitas di Canada
mempersyaratkan calon-calon mahasiswa memiliki score TOEFL minimal
550).

Catatan:
• Causative verb bisa dalam sembarang tensis. Have bisa dalam bentuk
had (past tense), has/have had, had had (past perfect), will have
(simple future), dst. Get bisa dalam bentuk got (past tense), has/have
got, had got (past perfect), will get (simple future), dst. Tapi,
tentu saja konteksnya akan berubah sesuai dengan tensis yang
digunakan. Tapi, verb setelah object kalimat selalu dalam simple form
(verb1), atau infinitive, atau verb3 tergantung dari causative
verb-nya

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