CONDITIONAL SENTENCE

Conditional (kalimat pengandaian)

Kalimat pengandaian dalam bahasa Inggris dikelompokkan menjadi empat
jenis utama yaitu
1. conditional zero
2. conditional pertama
3. conditional kedua
4. conditional ketiga.

1. Zero conditional - digunakan untuk pernyataan dan fakta-fakta yang
dirasakan benar.

Bentuk : if + S + Verb 1 (present simple), S + verb 1 (present simple)
Contoh:
• If you need any help, just call me.
• If you run fast, you get tired.

Kedua klausa ini bisa diletakkan di awal maupun di akhir kalimat.
• "If it rains take an umbrella" - atau juga:
• "Take an umbrella if it rains."

Zero conditional sering digunakan bersama dengan kalimat perintah
(imperative). Contoh:
• If you feel sick, see a doctor.
• If you can't take the heat, stay out of the kitchen.

2. First conditional - digunakan untuk pernyataan dan fakta-fakta yang
akan menjadi kenyataan, jika kondisi tertentu dipenuhi.

Bentuk : if + S + verb 1 (present simple), S + will + verb 1
If + S + to be (am, is, are) + adj/adv/noun, S + will + verb 1
Contoh:
• If it's sunny, we'll go to the beach.
• If I have time, I'll meet you at work.
• If we don't go now, we'll be late.

Klausa ini bisa ditempatkan di awal maupun di akhir kalimat:
• "If he gets a new job we'll move to London."
• "We'll move to London if he gets a new job."

Pada first conditional, will merupakan sebuah modal verb yang
menunjukkan kepastian. Modal verb lainnya juga bisa digunakan untuk
menunjukkan berbagai tingkat kepastian.
Contoh:
• If you like Asian food, you'll love this restaurant. (Terdapat
peluang 100% anda akan menyukai restoran tersebut)
• If you like Asian food, you should like this restaurant. (80%)
• If you like Asian food, you might like this restaurant. (50%)
• If you like Asian food, you probably won't like this restaurant. (20%)
• If you like Asian food, you won't like this restaurant. (0%)

3. Second Conditional – digunakan untuk pernyataan atau fakta-fakta
yang mungkin tetapi tidak akan terjadi, jika kondisi tertentu
terpenuhi.

Bentuk : if + S + Verb 2 (past simple), S + would + Verb 1
if + S + were + adj/adv/noun, S + would + Verb 1
Contoh :
• If I found her address, I would send her an invitation.
• If I had a lot of money, I wouldn't stay here.

Klausa utama (main clausa) dapat diletakkan di awal kalimat, maka
penggunaan koma dihilangkan.
Contoh :
• I would send her an invitation if I found her address.

Were instead of Was
Pada Conditional Kedua, digunakan to be (were) – walaupun Pronoun yang
digunakan adalah I, he, she or it –.
Contoh:
• If I were you, I would not do this.
• If she were rich, she would buy that beautiful shoes.

Conditional Kedua mengacu pada situasi saat ini (Present). Suatu
kejadian akan terjadi jika situasi saat ini berbeda. Hal ini biasanya
lebih kepada imajinasi, karena kita tidak mengharapkan situasi saat
ini berubah, what would happen if …"(apa yang akan terjadi jika……).

Contoh:
• If I found her address, I would send her an invitation.
(I would like to send an invitation to a friend. I have looked
everywhere for her address, but I cannot find it. So now I think it is
rather unlikely that I will eventually find her address) – Saya akan
mengirim undangan ke seorang teman. Saya sudah mencari alamat dia,
tetapi saya tidak menemukannya. Jadi saya pikir kemungkinannya kecil
saya akan mendapatkan alamatnya dan mengirin undangan itu.

Contoh:
• If John had the money, he would buy a Ferrari.
(I know John very well and I know that he doesn't have much money, but
he loves Ferraris. He would like to own a Ferrari (in his dreams). But
I think it is very unlikely that he will have the money to buy one in
the near future) – Saya mengenal John dengan baik dan tahu bahwa dia
tidak mempunyai uang, tetapi dia sangat menyukai Ferrari. Dia sangat
ingin memilikinya. Tetapi saya pikir kemungkinannya kecil John
mendapatkan uang untuk membeli Ferrari.

4. Conditional Ketiga (Third Conditional)

Bentuk : if + had + Verb 3 (Past Perfect), S + would have + verb 3
Contoh:
• If I had found her address, I would have sent her an invitation.
• If I hadn't studied, I wouldn't have passed my exams.

Klausa utama dapat diletakkan di awal kalimat, tanpa penggunaan koma.
Contoh:
• I would have sent her an invitation if I had found her address.

Kegunaan
Conditional Ketiga mengacu pada situasi yang terjadi di masa lampau
(Past). Conditional Ketiga digunakan untuk pernyataan dan fakta-fakta
yang dapat terjadi di masa lalu, jika kondisi tertentu terpenuhi.
Namun situasi pada masa lampau sangatlah berbeda, kita hanya
membayangkan apa yang mungkin akan terjadi jika situasi lain
terpenuhi.

Contoh:
• If I had found her address, I would have sent her an invitation.
(Beberapa hari lalu saya ingin mengirimkan undangan ke seorang teman,
tetapi saya tidak dapat menemukan alamatnya. Jadi akhirnya saya tidak
mengirimkan undangan tersebut ke teman saya).

Contoh:
• If John had had the money, he would have bought a Ferrari.
(Saya sangat mengenal John dan saya tahu kalau John tidak mempunyai
uang yang cukup untuk membeli Ferrari kesukaannya. Jadi John tidak
pernah membeli Ferrari itukarena dia tidak memiliki uang).

Pengecualian untuk Kalimat Pengandaian ( Conditional Sentences )

Kita telah mempelajari aturan dasar dari kalimat pengandaian
(Conditional Sentence). Hal ini bergantung pada konteks kalimat dan
tenses apa yang digunakan. Jadi, bisa saja dalam Kalusa –if tipe
Pertama, tenses selain Present simple dapat digunakan, contohnya
Present Progressive atau Present Perfect.

Conditional Sentences Type I (likely)
Condition refers to: Future Action
IF Clause (Simple Present) If the book is interesting, …
Main Clause : Future I …I will buy it.
Imperative …buy it.
Modal Aux…you can buy it.

Condition refers to : Action going on now
IF Clause (Present Progressive) If he is snoring, …
Main Clause : Future I …I will wake him up.
Imperative …wake him up.
Modal Aux …you can wake him up.

Condition refers to: Finished action
IF Clause (Present Perfect) If he has moved into his new flat, …
Main Clause : Future I …we will visit him.
Imperative …visit him.
Modal Auxiliary …we can visit him.

Condition refers to: Improbable action
IF Clause (should + Infinitive) If she should win this race, …
Main Clause : Future I …I will congratulate her.
Imperative …congratulate her.
Modal Auxiliary …we can congratulate her.

Condition refers to : present facts
IF Clause (Simple Present) If he gets what he wants, …
Main Clause : Simple Present …he is very nice.

Conditional Sentences Type II (unlikely)

Condition refers to: present / future event
IF Clause : (Simple Past) - If I had a lot of money, …
Main Clause : Cond. I - …I would travel around the world.

Condition refers to : consequence in the past
IF Clause : Simple Past - If I knew him, …
Main Clause : Cond.II - …I would have said hello.

Conditional Sentences Type II (impossible)

Condition refers to: present
IF Clause : Past Perfect - If I had known it, …
Main Clause : Cond. I … - I would not be here now.

Condition refers to : Past
IF Clause : Past Perfect - If he had learned for the test, …
Main Clause : Cond. II - …he would not have failed it.