ENGLISH GRAMMAR

ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE

Kalimat aktif (active voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya
melakukan pekerjaan.
Kalimat pasif (passive voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya
dikenai pekerjaan oleh object kalimat.

Active voice lebih sering digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari
dibandingkan dengan passive voice. Namun demikian, passive voice
sering kita temukan dalam tulisan seperti di surat-surat kabar,
artikel-artikel di majalah-majalah dan tulisan-tulisan ilmiah. Passive
voice digunakan karena object dari active voice merupakan informasi
yang lebih penting dibandingkan dengan subject-nya.

Contoh :
• Active : We fertilize the soil every 6 months
• Passive: The soil is fertilized by us every 6 months

Perubahan dari Active – Passive Voice berdasarkan contoh di atas adalah:

1. Subject in active voice menjadi object in passive voice ( WE – US )
2. Object in active voice menjadi subject in passive voice (the soil)
3. Verb 1 in active voice menjadi Verb 3 in passive voice (fertilize –
fertilized )
4. Penambahan "be" – is - di depan Verb 3. Penggunaan "be" tergantung
pada subject passive voice dan tenses yang digunakan.
5. Penambahan kata "by" setelah Verb 3. Penambahan "by" dapat
dihilangkan jika object dari passive voice dianggap tidak penting atau
tidak diketahui.
6. Khusus untuk kalimat-kalimat progressive (present, past, past
perfect, future, past future, dan past future perfect continuous,
perlu menambahkan 'being' di depan verb3).

Berdasarkan keenam poin di atas maka passive voice mengikuti pola
sebagai berikut:

Subject + be + Verb3 + by + Object + modifier

Active dan Passive Voice dalam tenses

a. Simple Present Tense, maka 'be' passive voice-nya adalah is, am atau are.

Polanya :
I + am + verb 3 + ………
He/She/It + is + verb 3 + …….
You/They/We + are + verb 3 + ………..

Contoh:
• Active : He meets them everyday.
• Passive : They are met by him everyday.

• Active : She waters this plant every two days.
• Passive : This plant is watered by her every two days.

b. Simple Past Tense, maka 'be' passive voice-nya adalah was atau were

Polanya:
I/He/She/It + was + verb3 + ……
You/We/They + were + verb3 + …

Contoh:
• Active : He met them yesterday
• Passive : They were met by him yesterday

• Active : She watered this plant this morning
• Passive : This plant was watered by her this morning

c. Present Perfect Tense, maka 'be' passive voice-nya adalah been yang
diletakkan setelah auxiliary has atau have, sehingga menjadi 'has
been' atau 'have been'

Polanya:
He/She/It + has been + verb3 + ……
I/You/We/They + have been + verb3 + …

Contoh:
• Active : He has met them
• Passive : They have been met by him

• Active : She has watered this plant for 5 minutes.
• Passive : This plant has been watered by her for 5 minutes.

d. Past Perfect Tense, maka 'be' passive voice-nya adalah been yang
diletakkan setelah auxiliary had, sehingga menjadi had been

Polanya:
I/He/She/It/You/We/They + had been + verb3 + …

Contoh:
• Active : He had met them before I came.
• Passive : They had been met by him before I came.

• Active : She had watered this plant for 5 minutes when I got here
• Passive : This plant had been watered by her for 5 minutes when I got here

e. Simple Future Tense, maka 'be' passive voice-nya adalah be

Polanya:
I/He/She/It/You/We/They + will be + verb3 + …

Contoh:
• Active : He will meet them tomorrow.
• Passive : They will be met by him tomorrow.

• Active : She will water this plant this afternoon.
• Passive : This plant will be watered by her this afternoon.

• Active : The farmers are going to harvest the crops next week
• Passive : The crops are going to be harvested by the farmers next week.

f. Future Perfect Tense, maka 'be' passive voice-nya adalah been yang
diletakkan setelah auxiliary will have, sehingga menjadi 'will have
been'

Polanya:
I/He/She/You/We/They + will have been + verb3 + …

Contoh:
• Active : He will have met them before I get there tomorrow.
• Passive : They will have been met by him before I get there tomorrow.

• Active : She will have watered this plant before I get here this afternoon.
• Passive : This plant will have been watered by her before I get
here this afternoon.

g. Past Future Perfect Tense, maka 'be' passive voice-nya adalah been
yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary would have, sehingga menjadi 'would
have been'.

Polanya:
I/He/She/You/We/They + would have been + verb3 + …

Contoh:
• Active : He would have met them.
• Passive : They would have been met by him.

• Active : She would have watered this plant.
• Passive : This plant would have been watered by her.

h. Present Continuous Tense, maka 'be' passive voice-nya adalah (is,
am atau are) + being.

Polanya:
I + am + being + verb 3 + ………
He/She/It/ + is + being + verb3 + ……
You/We/They + are + being + verb3 + …

Contoh:
• Active : He is meeting them now.
• Passive : They are being met by him now.

• Active : She is watering this plant now.
• Passive : This plant is being watered by her now.

i. Past Continuous Tense, maka 'be' passive voice-nya adalah (was
atau were) + being.

Polanya:
I/He/She/It + was + being + verb3 + ……
You/We/They + were + being + verb3 + …

Contoh:
• Active : He was meeting them.
• Passive : They were being met by him.

• Active : She was watering this plant.
• Passive : This plant was being watered by her.

j. Perfect Continuous Tense, maka 'be' passive voice-nya adalah
(has/have) been + being.

Polanya:
He/She/It + has been + being + verb3 + ……
I/You/We/They + have been + being + verb3 + …

Contoh:
• Active : He has been meeting them.
• Passive : They have been being met by him.

• Active : She has been watering this plant.
• Passive : This plant has been being watered by her.

k. Past Perfect Continuous Tense, maka 'be' passive voice-nya adalah
had been + being.

Polanya:
I/He/She/You/We/They + had been + being + verb3 + …

Contoh:
• Active : He had been meeting them.
• Passive : They had been being met by him.

• Active : She had been watering this plant.
• Passive : This plant had been being watered by her.

l. Future Continuous Tense, maka 'be' passive voice-nya adalah will be + being.

Polanya:
I/He/She/It/You/We/They + will be + being + verb3 + …

Contoh:
• Active : He will be meeting them.
• Passive : They will be being met by him.

• Active : She will be watering this plant.
• Passive : This plant will be being watered by her.

m. Past Future Continuous Tense, maka 'be' passive voice-nya adalah
would be + being.

Polanya:
I/He/She/It/You/We/They + would be + being + verb3 + …

Contoh:
• Active : He would be meeting them.
• Passive : They would be being met by him.

• Active : She would be watering this plant.
• Passive : This plant would be being watered by her.

n. Future Perfect Continuous Tense, maka 'be' passive voice-nya adalah
will have been + being.

Polanya:
I/He/She/It/You/We/They + will have been + being + verb3 + …

Contoh:
• Active : He will have been meeting them.
• Passive : They will have been being met by him.

• Active : She will have been watering this plant.
• Passive : This plant will have been being watered by her.

o. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense, maka 'be' passive voice-nya
adalah would have been + being.

Polanya:
I/He/She/It/You/We/They + would have been + being + verb3 + …

Contoh:
• Active : He would have been meeting them.
• Passive : They would have been being met by him.

• Active : She would have been watering this plant.
• Passive : This plant would have been being watered by her.

That's a bit of explanation for Active – Passive Voice. Thanks for
your time learning with me……..

Sumber : Swarabhaskara