Subordinating Conjunctions

Subordinating conjunctions (disebut juga dependent words atau
subordinator) adalah konjungsi yang digunakan untuk menghubungkan
dependent clauses (anak kalimat) dengan independent clauses (induk
kalimat).

Konjungsi yang biasa digunakan adalah :

after, although, as, as much as, as if, as long as, as soon as, as
though, because, before, even if, even though, how, if, if only, in
order that, inasmuch, lest, now that, once, provided (that), rather
than, since, so that, than, that, though, till, unless, until,
whether, when, whenever, where, whereas, wherever, while.

Hubungan dependent clause dengan main clause (independent clause)
sangat membantu dalam mengungkapkan ide atau gagasan dan relasinya
dalam kalimat dan juga untuk menunjukkan tingkat kepentingan antara
ide/gagasan yang satu dengan yang lain.

Contoh:
- We didn't enjoy the day because the weather was so awful.
- Because it was raining, I took my umbrella.
- I'll start to think about it when I have to write my report.
- I was so tired that I feel asleep.
- Do it before you forget.
- Let us wait until the rain stops.
- After she had learned to drive, Alice felt more independent.
- If the paperwork arrives on time, your cheque will be mailed on Tuesday.

Subordinating conjunction diletakkan di depan dependent clause. Dan
bersama dengan subordinating conjunction, dependent clause dapat
diletakkan sebelum main clause (diikuti dengan koma) atau setelah main
clause (kadang-kadang menggunakan koma di depannya).
contoh:
- Although it was hot, he was wearing a coat.
- He was wearing a coat although it was hot.

Beberapa konjungsi menunjukkan makna waktu (time), pilihan (choice),
sebab dan alasan (cause and reason), akibat dan hasil (effect and
result), pertentangan atau perbedaan (opposition or contrast), tempat
(location), dan kondisi (condition):

a. Time: after, before, once, when, whenever, while, since, until
b. Choice: whether, rather than
c. Cause and reason: as, because, since
d. Effect and result: so, so that, in order that, that
e. Opposition or contrast: although, though, even though, whereas, while
f. Location: wherever, where
g. Condition: if, unless, only if, even if, provided (that)


Use the appropriate subordinate conjunctions for each sentence.

1. Paula got the job ________she had no experience.
2. I will be late today____my car has broken down.
3. Jeny passed the exam at the first time ______ I had to retake it three times.
4. Bob couldn't buy a new car _______ he doesn't have enough money.
5. I don't drink coffee _______ it makes me nervous.
6. ___________Endang doesn't speak English, she can't go to university
in Canada.
7. _________my wife likes to travel abroad, I prefer to stay at home
for my vacation.
8. _______it was raining, I didn't get wet.
9. _______ you tell me your problem, I will be glad to help you.
10. I will take you to a place _________ you want to visit.