TEST ON TYPES OF SENTENCES

Determine whether the sentence is simple, compound, complex, or
compound-complex.

1. Resistance to antibiotics is a worldwide problem, but medical
experts list ways to help slow resistance and keep current drugs
effective.
a. simple
b. compound
c. complex
d. compound/complex

2. When you go to the doctor with a cold or the flu, don't
automatically ask for antibiotics.
a. simple
b. compound
c. complex
d. compound/complex

3. Colds and flu are caused by viruses, and antibiotics don't work to
fight them, so you should discuss other remedies with your doctor.
a. simple
b. compound
c. complex
d. compound/complex

4. If the doctor prescribes antibiotics, follow directions and take
all of the medicine.
a. simple
b. compound
c. complex
d. compound/complex

5. Not taking the medicine as prescribed could allow the infection to
re-establish itself in your body and become more resistant to the
drugs later.
a. simple
b. compound
c. complex
d. compound/complex

6. Taking more than one antibiotic at once or taking left over
antibiotics in your medicine cabinet may increase the chance of
resistance.
a. simple
b. compound
c. complex
d. compound/complex

7. Keep current with your vaccinations; this can prevent you from
getting infectious diseases and needing the antibiotics.
a. simple
b. compound
c. complex
d. compound/complex

8. Remember to practice personal cleanliness as simple hand washing
and proper food handling can help protect you from infectious
diseases.
a. simple
b. compound
c. complex
d. compound/complex

9. Improper use of antibiotics helps develop drug resistance, so many
medicines that were strongly effective a few decades ago don't work at
all in the present.
a. simple
b. compound
c. complex
d. compound/complex

10. When bacteria is resistant to antibiotics, the only option may be
to remove the infection with surgery.
a. simple
b. compound
c. complex
d. compound/complex

11. Germs are smart, and if you use a lot of one drug in many
patients, the germs will find a way to become immune to it.
a. simple
b. compound
c. complex
d. compound/complex

12. While many factors are creating this problem of resistance,
experts agree that a major cause is doctor's tendency to easily
prescribe antibiotics.
a. simple
b. compound
c. complex
d. compound/complex

13. Please help me to climb this tree.
a. declarative
b. request
c. exclamatory
d. interrogative

14. You should read Greek Mythology.
a. declarative
b. request
c. exclamatory
d. interrogative

15. Would you enjoy a trip to London?
a. declarative
b. request
c. exclamatory
d. interrogative

16. I can't get down!
a. declarative
b. request
c. exclamatory
d. interrogative

17. Come with us.
a. declarative
b. request
c. exclamatory
d. interrogative

18. Which sentence doesn't contain dangling modifier?
a. The library were closed walking through the campus
b. Embodying wisdom, Richard Rodriguez valued his book above all else
c. Upon opening Hull House, Jane Adam started to educate the children of Chicago
d. After observing for years, artists are thought to have unusual
neural pathways

19. "To interpret this poem, knowledge of mythology is needed."
This sentence can be corrected to …..
a. To interpret this poem, one needs knowledge of mythology
b. To interpret this poem, knowledge of mythology you need
c. Knowledge of mythology needs to interpret this poem
d. Knowledge of mythology is needed interpreting this poem

20. "Writing carefully, the essay was finished in time to hand in."
This sentence can be corrected to…..
a. if you write carefully, the essay was finished in time to hand in
b. Writing carefully, you finished the essay in time to hand in
c. To write carefully, the essay was finished in time to hand in by you
d. You wrote carefully, the essay was finished in time to hand in

If you really need the answer, please contact my email: widyas3@gmail.com

ENJOY YOURSELVES IN DOING THIS - GOOD LUCK

TYPES OF PHRASES

Understanding Verbs: Gerunds and Infinitives

A verbal is a verb that functions as some other part of speech in a
sentence. In the English language, there are three basic types of
verbals: gerunds, participles and infinitives. Let's explore each of
these verbals in detail.

Gerunds

Gerunds are verbals that function as nouns and have an –ing ending.
Since gerunds are derived from verbs and have an –ing ending, they do
express action. However, because gerunds function as nouns, they
occupy slots traditionally held by nouns in sentences such as
subjects, direct objects and objects of prepositions. Gerunds may
occur as one word, or they may be part of a gerund phrase. Let's take
a look at some examples:

Gerund, functioning as subject
Reading is my most beneficial summer activity.

Gerund, functioning as direct object
James enjoys swimming.

Gerund, functioning as object of preposition
You will get good grades by studying.

Gerund phrase, functioning as subject
Eating on the run is one of the most unhealthy American habits.

Gerund phrase, functioning as direct object
The teacher simply cannot excuse sleeping during class.

Gerund phrase, functioning as object of preposition
We found the keys by looking on the ground next to the car.


Infinitives

Infinitives are verbals that are made up of the word to and a verb.
Infinitives may function as nouns, adjectives or adverbs. Since
infinitives are derived from verbs, they do express actions or states
of being. When infinitives function as adjectives and adverbs, they
are usually found preceding nouns and pronouns in sentences, and when
they function as nouns, they are used as subjects, direct objects and
objects of prepositions. Infinitives (to + verb) should not be
confused with prepositional phrases (to + noun or pronoun).
Infinitives may occur as to + one verb, or they may be part of an
infinitive phrase. Let's take a look at some examples:

Infinitives functioning as nouns
To love is the greatest achievement.

Infinitives functioning as adjectives
Jason's group was the last to arrive.

Infinitives functioning as adverbs
The students must pass the TAKS tests to graduate.

Infinitive phrase functioning as noun
Ranee wanted to arrive at her destination.
They built this house to dedicate themselves to their loving parents.

Infinitive phrase functioning as adjective
The Smiths were the first family in our neighborhood to adopt a child.

MY JOB EXPERIENCES

Being a teacher and lecturer is a hard and challenging job for me.
There have been a lot of experiences I get since the first time I
chose my way of life. I remembered when the first time I taught. It
was when I was in second semester in college. I applied a job from an
agent, it was a private course agent located in pulo gebang, Mr. Edi
was the owner. He gave me an elementary student, girl, I forgot her
name, but she lived in Cikokol. We studied English and Math every two
days in a week. She was a good girl, although little bit annoying with
her kept silent behavior, coz I didn't know if she understood or not
with my explanation. Mr. Edi kept giving me more students that lived
far from my house, but I didn't really care about that, as long as I
got the experience in teaching. Even, sometimes I didn't care how much
I got from it. It continued until a year and then I decided to leave
the agency. I moved on by myself and applied for the better job in
teaching.

After I graduated from University, I got a good job in one of the
subsidiary company of government company. It was a very good
experience because I met lots of new friends and colleges. There were
lots of new knowledge and skills I should learn. I had worked in that
company almost for five years and I really enjoyed myself.

Alhamdulillah, until now I am still a lecturer, I work for a private
academy in Jakarta and I love the job very much. The students'
behaviors are varies and I also have to deal with my colleges with so
many different attitudes nd personalities. There is a thing I want to
do now, I want to continue my study, so I still can teach in this
university, I wish I can do this for a life time. Insya Allah.....

There is a new job I do now. I work for a head hunter company. It has
been for three months I join this, and I do a new thing I never think
of. My boss asked me to interview people. Well, this is what I should
learn now, how to interview people for a job, how to see the right
candidates for the job, and how to be a good interviewer. I need to
learn more.....
I have done this interview twice, and every time I do that, I should
evaluate their CV, behaviors and also answers of the questions I gave.
It is so challenging and some time confusing. There's one I met an
interviewee who was unsuitable for the job, not because of his lack of
skills, but it's because of his physical lacking.....
It's so depressing......; however, that's what we should do anyway,
the job is from the company which wants to hire them, and it has given
us the requirements we should meet. That's why I should learn and
learn and learn more.................

I wish I will get the best experiences and do all the jobs well....for
my beloved husband, lovely children, parents and all my relatives....
THANK YOU ALLAH FOR GIVING ME EVERYTHING I HAVE NOW....ALHAMDULILLAH.

TYPES OF PHRASES

THE PARTICIPIAL PHRASE

The participial phrase is always used as an adjective phrase to modify
a noun or pronoun. It includes the participle together with its
modifiers, objects, or predicate words.
The present participle form always ends in -ing, but the endings for
past perfect and passive perfect participles may vary. A word group
consisting of a present participle (also known as an -ing form) or
past participle (also known as an -en form), plus any modifiers,
objects, and complements.

ex.
- Walking rapidly, we reached the town in fifteen minutes.
- Annoyed by the noise, the teacher spoke sharply to the class.
- Tom, having won the chess game, looked up happily.
- Having won every game but one, Ohio State now led the Big Ten.

• Placement and Punctuation of Participial Phrases

We find participial phrases in three positions :
1. before a main clause (initial position),
2, after a noun phrase they are modifying (middle position),
3. after a main clause (final position). . . .

What kind of punctuation do we need to use when participial phrases
occur in different positions?
• When the participial phrase comes before a main clause, it is
followed by a comma.
• When the participial phrase follows a main clause, a comma must come
before the participial phrase.
• When the participial phrase occurs in mid-sentence position, we use
two commas. One comma comes before the participial phrase and the
other comes after it.

(Andrea DeCapua, Grammar for Teachers: A Guide to American English for
Native and Non-native Speakers, Springer, 2008)

• "Then he saw the eagles across the distance, two of them, riding
low in the depths and rising diagonally toward him."

• "One evening, perhaps a decade ago, I was walking along Canal
Street in Manhattan's Chinatown when a fishmonger, rushing out of his
shop carrying a tank full of eels, slipped. Before he could let out a
curse, there were eels and elvers everywhere: dark and gleaming,
slithering over pedestrians' feet, wriggling off onto the asphalt,
escaping through the storm drains, animating every crack in the
concrete."
(Ben Ehrenreich, "Eels Über Alles: On Julio Cortázar." The Nation,
Dec. 26, 2011)

• "I walked with shoulders hunched and eyes cast down, avoiding the
water that rushed down the steep, slickly cobbled lanes, browsing in
the windows of antique shops, wishing I had a hat or an umbrella or a
ticket to Bermuda. I retreated into a dark coffee shop, where I sat
shivering, drinking a three-dollar cup of coffee with both hands,
watching the rain through the window, and realized I had a cold coming
on."
(Bill Bryson, Neither Here Nor There: Travels in Europe. William Morrow, 1992)


Identifying Participial Phrases. Underline the participial phrase in
each of the following sentences. Watch for past and present
participles.

Example: Mr. Flynn, annoyed by Joe's question, answered him impatiently.

1. Having been on the road for four days, the Todds were exhausted.
2. That hymn, sung by many generations of churchgoers, is my favorite.
3. Climbing slowly, we approached the top of the hill.
4. Surprised by my question, Mrs. Osmond blushed.
5. Phil, worn out by his long trip, slept for twelve hours.
6. Watching me closely, the dog came toward me.
7. Staring out the window at the rain, Bob became more and more impatient.
8. Having been hurt in the first game, Al sat on the bench for the
rest of the season.
9. The plates, brought from Denmark by my grandmother, are on display
in the dining room.
10. The cookies, baked this morning, were all gone by five o'clock.
11. Having come out in the cool night air, Mr. Troy looked up at the sky.
12. The children, waiting for the play to begin, grew bored.
13. Working hard all day, the boys finished the job by dinner time.
14. Driven from their homelands, many people each year seek refuge in
the United States.
15. Jumping up and down, the cheerleaders urged the team on.
16. The basketball team, encouraged by its performance in the
semifinals, went on to the finals.
17. Having recorded the results of the experiment, Kate closed her notebook.
18. We saw an old woman walking up the path.
19. Having been told of her job offer, Kathy smiled happily.
20. Having spent each afternoon at the beach, Alice soon had a nice tan.

M:\9-TLC\TLC Web Design\Handouts
Worksheets\Grammar.Punctuation.Writing\Phrase-Participial.doc

CATATAN OTAK

Saat diriku menanti di lantai 7 di ruang kantor mungil yang cukup
nyaman, dengan pemandangan halaman luas dan tanaman hijau, di sore
hari yang mendung..... Terkuaklah sebuah coretan otak yang entah
bagaimana bisa tiba-tiba muncul....

Sebuah Pilihan

Kalau hidup kamu mo seperti itu terserah saja, aku ga mo lagi nulung
kamu. It's your own choice. Aku dah berusaha menolong kamu, seperti
dulu kamu nolong aku. Tapi kenapa sekarang kamu berubah seh, aku gak
ngerti. Apa motivasi kamu nolong dia???? Kamu tahu, dia sudah
berkali-kali sakitin aku, dah berkali-kali campakkan aku, dah rusak
hidup aku. Kenapa kamu harus bersamanya sekarang? Kamu mengorbankan
diri kamu untuknya?

Jawabanmu hanya senyum dan senyum dan senyum.....
Entah apa yang ada di dalam otakmu, tapi senyummu itu membuat aku
heran. Lalu kamu duduk di sebelahku dan dan sambil memegang tanganku
kau menjawab, hatiku ikhlas menerima dia, seperti dia ikhlas
menerimaku, dan kami berusaha berjalan membangun kebersamaan untuk
meraih mimpi kami dalam keikhlasan.

Aku semakin heran melihatmu, pancaran kebahagiaan dan kepasrahan itu
sangat lekat di wajahmu...... Aku lebih heran saat kau bilang,
komitmen kebersamaan kalian bukanlah karena rasa cinta yang menggebu,
bukan karena hasrat yang menggoda......keikhlasan untuk menerima
takdir yang telah digariskan, menautkan kalian dalam kebersamaan abadi
untuk meraih keridhaan. Itulah cinta abadi yang kalian harapkan......
Ikhlas itu kuncinya katamu. Ikhlas menerima masa lalunya yang
kelam,ikhlas menerima penderitaannya sekarang, ikhlas menerima
kehidupan baru yang harus kalian jalani....ikhlas dan
ikhlas....seperti dirimu yang selalu ikhlas menerima segala cemooh dan
derita yang kaurasakan selama ini...... Dan dia, Beno, lelaki yang
telah memberikan derita padaku, juga menerima dengan ikhlas keadaanmu,
menjagamu seperti kamu menjaganya sekarang.........

Aku dapat melihat binar-binar cinta di mata Beno saat dia menatapmu......

Sekarang aku tidak bisa lagi memprotes pilihanmu, kakakku sayang.....,
aku hanya bisa melihatmu dan Beno, berdo'a untuk kalian, semoga
keikhlasan hati kalian membawa harapan indah bagimu dan
baginya.....amiennnn.....

I love you.....Kak Suci.......

Introduction Of Literature

Literature is permanent expressions in words (written or spoken),
specially arranged in pleasing accepted patterns or forms. Literature
expresses thoughts, feelings, ideas or other special aspects of human
experiences.

There are three broad types of literature, these are drama, poetry and prose.

1. Poetry. It is written usually in lines known as verse. The use of
verse is hence different from the biblical sense of chapter and verse.
It simply refers to poems written in rhythmic patterns and lines.

2. Prose refers to the literary or written form of the language of
ordinary speech. We often talk about a book written in prose style or
continuous form. The novel falls under prose. It is the latest arrival
of the literary genres.

3. Drama is primarily written to be performed or acted on stage.
Therefore, the playwright usually writes his plays character by
character, scene by scene and act by act to forestall any confusion
and to ensure correctness during performance.

As for poetry, there are elements that are not included in short
stories and novels such as:

a.Allegory - A form of narrative in which people, places, and events
seem to have hidden meanings. Often a retelling of an older story.

b.Connotation - The implied meaning of a word.

c.Denotation - The dictionary definition of a word.

d.Diction - Word choice and usage (for example, formal vs. informal),
as determined by considerations of audience and purpose.

e. Figurative Language - The use of words to suggest meanings beyond
the literal. There are a number of figures of speech. Some of the more
common ones are:

* Metaphor - Making a comparison between unlike things without the
use of a verbal clue (such as "like" or "as").
* Simile - Making a comparison between unlike things, using "like" or "as".
* Hyperbole - Exaggeration
* Personification - Endowing inanimate objects with human characteristics

f. Imagery - A concrete representation of a sense impression, a
feeling, or an idea which appeals to one or more of our senses. Look
for a pattern of imagery.
*Tactile imagery - sense of touch.
*Aural imagery - sense of hearing.
*Olfactory imagery - sense of smell.
*Visual imagery - sense of sight.
* Gustatory imagery - sense of taste.

g. Rhythm and Meter - Rhythm is the pulse or beat in a line of poetry,
the regular recurrence of an accent or stress. Meter is the measure or
patterned count of a poetry line (a count of the stresses we feel in a
poem's rhythm). The unit of poetic meter in English is called a
"foot," a unit of measure consisting of stressed and unstressed
syllables. Ask yourself how the rhythm and meter affects the tone and
meaning.

h. Sound - Do the words rhyme? Is there alliteration (repetition of
consonants) or assonance (repetition of vowels)? How does this affect
the tone?

i. Structure - The pattern of organization of a poem. For example, a
sonnet is a 14-line poem usually written in iambic pentameter. Because
the sonnet is strictly constrained, it is considered a closed or fixed
form. An open or free form is a poem in which the author uses a looser
form, or perhaps one of his or her own invention. It is not
necessarily formless.

j. Symbolism - When objects or actions mean more than themselves.

k. Syntax - Sentence structure and word order.

l. Voice: Speaker and Tone - The voice that conveys the poem's tone;
its implied attitude toward its subject

SHORT STORIES

The Lottery
Shirley Jackson

The morning of June 27th was clear and sunny, with the fresh warmth of
a full-summer day; the flowers were blossoming profusely and the grass
was richly green. The people of the village began to gather in the
square, between the post office and the bank, around ten o'clock; in
some towns there were so many people that the lottery took two days
and had to be started on June 2th. but in this village, where there
were only about three hundred people, the whole lottery took less than
two hours, so it could begin at ten o'clock in the morning and still
be through in time to allow the villagers to get home for noon dinner.

The children assembled first, of course. School was recently over for
the summer, and the feeling of liberty sat uneasily on most of them;
they tended to gather together quietly for a while before they broke
into boisterous play. and their talk was still of the classroom and
the teacher, of books and reprimands. Bobby Martin had already stuffed
his pockets full of stones, and the other boys soon followed his
example, selecting the smoothest and roundest stones; Bobby and Harry
Jones and Dickie Delacroix-- the villagers pronounced this name
"Dellacroy"--eventually made a great pile of stones in one corner of
the square and guarded it against the raids of the other boys. The
girls stood aside, talking among themselves, looking over their
shoulders at the boys. and the very small children rolled in the dust
or clung to the hands of their older brothers or sisters.

Soon the men began to gather. surveying their own children, speaking
of planting and rain, tractors and taxes. They stood together, away
from the pile of stones in the corner, and their jokes were quiet and
they smiled rather than laughed. The women, wearing faded house
dresses and sweaters, came shortly after their menfolk. They greeted
one another and exchanged bits of gossip as they went to join their
husbands. Soon the women, standing by their husbands, began to call to
their children, and the children came reluctantly, having to be called
four or five times. Bobby Martin ducked under his mother's grasping
hand and ran, laughing, back to the pile of stones. His father spoke
up sharply, and Bobby came quickly and took his place between his
father and his oldest brother.

The lottery was conducted--as were the square dances, the teen club,
the Halloween program--by Mr. Summers. who had time and energy to
devote to civic activities. He was a round-faced, jovial man and he
ran the coal business, and people were sorry for him. because he had
no children and his wife was a scold. When he arrived in the square,
carrying the black wooden box, there was a murmur of conversation
among the villagers, and he waved and called. "Little late today,
folks." The postmaster, Mr. Graves, followed him, carrying a three-
legged stool, and the stool was put in the center of the square and
Mr. Summers set the black box down on it. The villagers kept their
distance, leaving a space between themselves and the stool. and when
Mr. Summers said, "Some of you fellows want to give me a hand?" there
was a hesitation before two men. Mr. Martin and his oldest son,
Baxter. came forward to hold the box steady on the stool while Mr.
Summers stirred up the papers inside it.

The original paraphernalia for the lottery had been lost long ago, and
the black box now resting on the stool had been put into use even
before Old Man Warner, the oldest man in town, was born. Mr. Summers
spoke frequently to the villagers about making a new box, but no one
liked to upset even as much tradition as was represented by the black
box. There was a story that the present box had been made with some
pieces of the box that had preceded it, the one that had been
constructed when the first people settled down to make a village here.
Every year, after the lottery, Mr. Summers began talking again about a
new box, but every year the subject was allowed to fade off without
anything's being done. The black box grew shabbier each year: by now
it was no longer completely black but splintered badly along one side
to show the original wood color, and in some places faded or stained.

Mr. Martin and his oldest son, Baxter, held the black box securely on
the stool until Mr. Summers had stirred the papers thoroughly with his
hand. Because so much of the ritual had been forgotten or discarded,
Mr. Summers had been successful in having slips of paper substituted
for the chips of wood that had been used for generations. Chips of
wood, Mr. Summers had argued. had been all very well when the village
was tiny, but now that the population was more than three hundred and
likely to keep on growing, it was necessary to use something that
would fit more easily into he black box. The night before the lottery,
Mr. Summers and Mr. Graves made up the slips of paper and put them in
the box, and it was then taken to the safe of Mr. Summers' coal
company and locked up until Mr. Summers was ready to take it to the
square next morning. The rest of the year, the box was put way,
sometimes one place, sometimes another; it had spent one year in Mr.
Graves's barn and another year underfoot in the post office. and
sometimes it was set on a shelf in the Martin grocery and left there.

There was a great deal of fussing to be done before Mr. Summers
declared the lottery open. There were the lists to make up--of heads
of families. heads of households in each family. members of each
household in each family. There was the proper swearing-in of Mr.
Summers by the postmaster, as the official of the lottery; at one
time, some people remembered, there had been a recital of some sort,
performed by the official of the lottery, a perfunctory. tuneless
chant that had been rattled off duly each year; some people believed
that the official of the lottery used to stand just so when he said or
sang it, others believed that he was supposed to walk among the
people, but years and years ago this p3rt of the ritual had been
allowed to lapse. There had been, also, a ritual salute, which the
official of the lottery had had to use in addressing each person who
came up to draw from the box, but this also had changed with time,
until now it was felt necessary only for the official to speak to each
person approaching. Mr. Summers was very good at all this; in his
clean white shirt and blue jeans. with one hand resting carelessly on
the black box. he seemed very proper and important as he talked
interminably to Mr. Graves and the Martins.

Just as Mr. Summers finally left off talking and turned to the
assembled villagers, Mrs. Hutchinson came hurriedly along the path to
the square, her sweater thrown over her shoulders, and slid into place
in the back of the crowd. "Clean forgot what day it was," she said to
Mrs. Delacroix, who stood next to her, and they both laughed softly.
"Thought my old man was out back stacking wood," Mrs. Hutchinson went
on. "and then I looked out the window and the kids was gone, and then
I remembered it was the twenty-seventh and came a-running." She dried
her hands on her apron, and Mrs. Delacroix said, "You're in time,
though. They're still talking away up there."

Mrs. Hutchinson craned her neck to see through the crowd and found her
husband and children standing near the front. She tapped Mrs.
Delacroix on the arm as a farewell and began to make her way through
the crowd. The people separated good-humoredly to let her through: two
or three people said. in voices just loud enough to be heard across
the crowd, "Here comes your, Missus, Hutchinson," and "Bill, she made
it after all." Mrs. Hutchinson reached her husband, and Mr. Summers,
who had been waiting, said cheerfully. "Thought we were going to have
to get on without you, Tessie." Mrs. Hutchinson said. grinning,
"Wouldn't have me leave m'dishes in the sink, now, would you. Joe?,"
and soft laughter ran through the crowd as the people stirred back
into position after Mrs. Hutchinson's arrival.

"Well, now." Mr. Summers said soberly, "guess we better get started,
get this over with, so's we can go back to work. Anybody ain't here?"

"Dunbar." several people said. "Dunbar. Dunbar."

Mr. Summers consulted his list. "Clyde Dunbar." he said. "That's
right. He's broke his leg, hasn't he? Who's drawing for him?"

"Me. I guess," a woman said. and Mr. Summers turned to look at her.
"Wife draws for her husband." Mr. Summers said. "Don't you have a
grown boy to do it for you, Janey?" Although Mr. Summers and everyone
else in the village knew the answer perfectly well, it was the
business of the official of the lottery to ask such questions
formally. Mr. Summers waited with an expression of polite interest
while Mrs. Dunbar answered.

"Horace's not but sixteen vet." Mrs. Dunbar said regretfully. "Guess I
gotta fill in for the old man this year."

"Right." Sr. Summers said. He made a note on the list he was holding.
Then he asked, "Watson boy drawing this year?"

A tall boy in the crowd raised his hand. "Here," he said. "I m drawing
for my mother and me." He blinked his eyes nervously and ducked his
head as several voices in the crowd said thin#s like "Good fellow,
lack." and "Glad to see your mother's got a man to do it."

"Well," Mr. Summers said, "guess that's everyone. Old Man Warner make it?"

"Here," a voice said. and Mr. Summers nodded.

A sudden hush fell on the crowd as Mr. Summers cleared his throat and
looked at the list. "All ready?" he called. "Now, I'll read the
names--heads of families first--and the men come up and take a paper
out of the box. Keep the paper folded in your hand without looking at
it until everyone has had a turn. Everything clear?"

The people had done it so many times that they only half listened to
the directions: most of them were quiet. wetting their lips. not
looking around. Then Mr. Summers raised one hand high and said,
"Adams." A man disengaged himself from the crowd and came forward.
"Hi. Steve." Mr. Summers said. and Mr. Adams said. "Hi. Joe." They
grinned at one another humorlessly and nervously. Then Mr. Adams
reached into the black box and took out a folded paper. He held it
firmly by one corner as he turned and went hastily back to his place
in the crowd. where he stood a little apart from his family. not
looking down at his hand.

"Allen." Mr. Summers said. "Anderson.... Bentham."

"Seems like there's no time at all between lotteries any more." Mrs.
Delacroix said to Mrs. Graves in the back row.

"Seems like we got through with the last one only last week."

"Time sure goes fast.-- Mrs. Graves said.

"Clark.... Delacroix"

"There goes my old man." Mrs. Delacroix said. She held her breath
while her husband went forward.

"Dunbar," Mr. Summers said, and Mrs. Dunbar went steadily to the box
while one of the women said. "Go on. Janey," and another said, "There
she goes."

"We're next." Mrs. Graves said. She watched while Mr. Graves came
around from the side of the box, greeted Mr. Summers gravely and
selected a slip of paper from the box. By now, all through the crowd
there were men holding the small folded papers in their large hand.
turning them over and over nervously Mrs. Dunbar and her two sons
stood together, Mrs. Dunbar holding the slip of paper.

"Harburt.... Hutchinson."

"Get up there, Bill," Mrs. Hutchinson said. and the people near her laughed.

"Jones."

"They do say," Mr. Adams said to Old Man Warner, who stood next to
him, "that over in the north village they're talking of giving up the
lottery."

Old Man Warner snorted. "Pack of crazy fools," he said. "Listening to
the young folks, nothing's good enough for them. Next thing you know,
they'll be wanting to go back to living in caves, nobody work any
more, live hat way for a while. Used to be a saying about 'Lottery in
June, corn be heavy soon.' First thing you know, we'd all be eating
stewed chickweed and acorns. There's always been a lottery," he added
petulantly. "Bad enough to see young Joe Summers up there joking with
everybody."

"Some places have already quit lotteries." Mrs. Adams said.

"Nothing but trouble in that," Old Man Warner said stoutly. "Pack of
young fools."

"Martin." And Bobby Martin watched his father go forward. "Overdyke.... Percy."

"I wish they'd hurry," Mrs. Dunbar said to her older son. "I wish they'd hurry."

"They're almost through," her son said.

"You get ready to run tell Dad," Mrs. Dunbar said.

Mr. Summers called his own name and then stepped forward precisely and
selected a slip from the box. Then he called, "Warner."

"Seventy-seventh year I been in the lottery," Old Man Warner said as
he went through the crowd. "Seventy-seventh time."

"Watson" The tall boy came awkwardly through the crowd. Someone said,
"Don't be nervous, Jack," and Mr. Summers said, "Take your time, son."

"Zanini."

After that, there was a long pause, a breathless pause, until Mr.
Summers. holding his slip of paper in the air, said, "All right,
fellows." For a minute, no one moved, and then all the slips of paper
were opened. Suddenly, all the women began to speak at once, saving.
"Who is it?," "Who's got it?," "Is it the Dunbars?," "Is it the
Watsons?" Then the voices began to say, "It's Hutchinson. It's Bill,"
"Bill Hutchinson's got it."

"Go tell your father," Mrs. Dunbar said to her older son.

People began to look around to see the Hutchinsons. Bill Hutchinson
was standing quiet, staring down at the paper in his hand. Suddenly.
Tessie Hutchinson shouted to Mr. Summers. "You didn't give him time
enough to take any paper he wanted. I saw you. It wasn't fair!"

"Be a good sport, Tessie." Mrs. Delacroix called, and Mrs. Graves
said, "All of us took the same chance."

"Shut up, Tessie," Bill Hutchinson said.

"Well, everyone," Mr. Summers said, "that was done pretty fast, and
now we've got to be hurrying a little more to get done in time." He
consulted his next list. "Bill," he said, "you draw for the Hutchinson
family. You got any other households in the Hutchinsons?"

"There's Don and Eva," Mrs. Hutchinson yelled. "Make them take their chance!"

"Daughters draw with their husbands' families, Tessie," Mr. Summers
said gently. "You know that as well as anyone else."

"It wasn't fair," Tessie said.

"I guess not, Joe." Bill Hutchinson said regretfully. "My daughter
draws with her husband's family; that's only fair. And I've got no
other family except the kids."

"Then, as far as drawing for families is concerned, it's you," Mr.
Summers said in explanation, "and as far as drawing for households is
concerned, that's you, too. Right?"

"Right," Bill Hutchinson said.

"How many kids, Bill?" Mr. Summers asked formally.

"Three," Bill Hutchinson said.

"There's Bill, Jr., and Nancy, and little Dave. And Tessie and me."

"All right, then," Mr. Summers said. "Harry, you got their tickets back?"

Mr. Graves nodded and held up the slips of paper. "Put them in the
box, then," Mr. Summers directed. "Take Bill's and put it in."

"I think we ought to start over," Mrs. Hutchinson said, as quietly as
she could. "I tell you it wasn't fair. You didn't give him time enough
to choose. Everybody saw that."

Mr. Graves had selected the five slips and put them in the box. and he
dropped all the papers but those onto the ground. where the breeze
caught them and lifted them off.

"Listen, everybody," Mrs. Hutchinson was saying to the people around her.

"Ready, Bill?" Mr. Summers asked. and Bill Hutchinson, with one quick
glance around at his wife and children. nodded.

"Remember," Mr. Summers said. "take the slips and keep them folded
until each person has taken one. Harry, you help little Dave." Mr.
Graves took the hand of the little boy, who came willingly with him up
to the box. "Take a paper out of the box, Davy." Mr. Summers said.
Davy put his hand into the box and laughed. "Take just one paper." Mr.
Summers said. "Harry, you hold it for him." Mr. Graves took the
child's hand and removed the folded paper from the tight fist and held
it while little Dave stood next to him and looked up at him
wonderingly.

"Nancy next," Mr. Summers said. Nancy was twelve, and her school
friends breathed heavily as she went forward switching her skirt, and
took a slip daintily from the box "Bill, Jr.," Mr. Summers said, and
Billy, his face red and his feet overlarge, near knocked the box over
as he got a paper out. "Tessie," Mr. Summers said. She hesitated for a
minute, looking around defiantly. and then set her lips and went up to
the box. She snatched a paper out and held it behind her.

"Bill," Mr. Summers said, and Bill Hutchinson reached into the box and
felt around, bringing his hand out at last with the slip of paper in
it.

The crowd was quiet. A girl whispered, "I hope it's not Nancy," and
the sound of the whisper reached the edges of the crowd.

"It's not the way it used to be." Old Man Warner said clearly. "People
ain't the way they used to be."

"All right," Mr. Summers said. "Open the papers. Harry, you open little Dave's."

Mr. Graves opened the slip of paper and there was a general sigh
through the crowd as he held it up and everyone could see that it was
blank. Nancy and Bill. Jr.. opened theirs at the same time. and both
beamed and laughed. turning around to the crowd and holding their
slips of paper above their heads.

"Tessie," Mr. Summers said. There was a pause, and then Mr. Summers
looked at Bill Hutchinson, and Bill unfolded his paper and showed it.
It was blank.

"It's Tessie," Mr. Summers said, and his voice was hushed. "Show us
her paper. Bill."

Bill Hutchinson went over to his wife and forced the slip of paper out
of her hand. It had a black spot on it, the black spot Mr. Summers had
made the night before with the heavy pencil in the coal company
office. Bill Hutchinson held it up, and there was a stir in the crowd.

"All right, folks." Mr. Summers said. "Let's finish quickly."

Although the villagers had forgotten the ritual and lost the original
black box, they still remembered to use stones. The pile of stones the
boys had made earlier was ready; there were stones on the ground with
the blowing scraps of paper that had come out of the box Delacroix
selected a stone so large she had to pick it up with both hands and
turned to Mrs. Dunbar. "Come on," she said. "Hurry up."

Mr. Dunbar had small stones in both hands, and she said. gasping for
breath. "I can't run at all. You'll have to go ahead and I'll catch up
with you."

The children had stones already. And someone gave little Davy
Hutchinson few pebbles.

Tessie Hutchinson was in the center of a cleared space by now, and she
held her hands out desperately as the villagers moved in on her. "It
isn't fair," she said. A stone hit her on the side of the head. Old
Man Warner was saying, "Come on, come on, everyone." Steve Adams was
in the front of the crowd of villagers, with Mrs. Graves beside him.

"It isn't fair, it isn't right," Mrs. Hutchinson screamed, and then
they were upon her.



sumber : internet

Mengapa Emas diharamkan untuk laki-laki?

Setiap manusia pasti ingin terlihat menarik. Wanita memilih
pakaian-pakaian yang indah dan perhiasan-perhiasan yang menawan, agar
terlihat lebih anggun dan cantik. Pada zaman modernisasi ini pun,
banyak laki-laki yang tidak mau ketinggalan, mereka juga memilih
memakai aksesoris untuk menunjang penampilan mereka. Tapi bagi
laki-laki muslim, ada batasan yang diberian, yaitu mereka tidak boleh
menggunakan perhiasan emas dan pakaian sutera. Mengapa?????

.... INILAH ANALISA ILMIAH MENGAPA PRIA DIHARAMKAN MEMAKAI EMAS ....

Bismillahir-Rahmaanir-Rahim ... Baginda Rasulullah saw bersabda,
"Telah diharamkan memakai sutera dan emas bagi laki-laki dari umatku
dan dihalalkan bagi wanitanya." (HRTurmuzi dengan sanad hasan shahih)

Inilah tinjauan ilmiah atau analisa medisnya .. Para ahli fisika telah
menyimpulkan bahwa atom pada emas mampu menembus ke dalam kulit dan
masuk ke dalam darah manusia, dan jika kita (pria) mengenakan emas
dalam jumlah tertentu dan dalam jangka waktu yang lama, maka dampak
yang ditimbulkan yaitu di dalam darah dan urine akan mengandung atom
emas dalam prosentase yang melebihi batas (diikenal dengan sebutan "
Migrasi Emas ")

Dan apabila ini terjadi, maka akan mengakibatkan penyakit lzheimer.
Alzheimer adalah suatu penyakit dimana orang tersebut kehilangan semua
kemampuan mental dan fisik serta menyebabkan kembali seperti anak
kecil. Alzheimer bukan penuaan normal, tetapi merupakan penuaan
paksaan atau terpaksa.

Dan mengapa Islam membolehkan wanita untuk mengenakan emas ? Wanita
tidak menderita masalah ini karena setiap bulan, partikel berbahaya
tersebut keluar dari tubuh wanita melalui menstruasi.

Ternyata Islam begitu hebat !. Dilarang oleh rasulullah ternyata
karena ada dampak negatif. Padahal dulu, 1400 tahun yang lalu, belum
ada para ahli fisika, tetapi Rasulullah sudah tahu.

Subhanallah ...
Wallahu a'lam bishawab ..




sumber: dokumen teman

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TRI WIDYASTUTI - 08997160697
email : widyas3@gmail.com
or put your comment

SURPRISE LETTER

This is why I always want to stay at home. This morning we gathered in
the guest room, Juna and Nindy were playing and joking to each other.
I was sitting on the floor and looking at my laptop, browsing things.
Akung was watering the flowers and plants in our small garden.
The room was full of NIndy and Juna's laughter.

Then, Juna went inside and sat on the table near the window. He took
his drawing book and crayon. He drew and told his sister not to joke
anymore. Nindy stopped and she took her book and laid on the floor.
She was writing quietly. Meanwhile, I still worked on my laptop. The
room was so quiet.

After few minutes.....
"Bunda, this is for you. Please read it," said Nindy and handed me a
piece of paper.
I took the paper and read it. WOW!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
It's so overwhelming.........
I made a poem for you, bunda said Nindy.
Oh my baby girl, you're so sweet and loving.

Thank you for making this poem for me
Thank you for showering me with your love
Thank you for being my sweet daughter......

PENYEBAB MIMISAN

Semalam tiba-tiba adek Juna manggil-manggil, bunda...bunda...aku ada
ingus nich. Walau matanya merem, Juna bisa tahu kalo dari hidungnya
keluar cairan, jadi minta bunda untuk membersihkannya. Lalu bunda
turun dari tempat tidur dan mendekati Juna.

Masya Allah....adek Juna ini bukan ingusan, adek mimisan!!!!
Yuk, adek bangun, duduk dipangku bunda, trus sini hidungnya bunda
pencet sambil dibersihin.........
Juna, sambil menahan kantuk, duduk dan mau dibersihkan hin\dungnya.
Mimisan kali ini bukanlah yang pertama kali. Setiap selesai demamnya,
pasti Juna selalu mimisan. Pernah ke dokter, tapi kata dokter gak
berbahaya. Hal ini mungkin karena dinding hidungnya masih rentan dan
sensitif terhadap perubahan temperatur. JAdi, we don't need to be
worried.

Setelah dibersihkan, adek Juna pun berbaring kembali dan meneruskan
tidurnya, Alhamdulillah Juna dapat tidur dengan lelap.

Ini info mengenai MIMISAN, semoga dapat bermanfaat yah.....;-)


Hal yang wajar apabila terjadi panik ketika melihat darah mengalir
dari hidung sang buah hati tercinta. Namun, akan lebih baik bila
segera bertindak untuk mengobati mimisan ini. Bila perlu, cari tahu
apa penyebab mimisan pada anak guna memperkecil risiko si kecil
mengalaminya lagi.

BEBERAPA PENYEBAB MIMISAN PADA ANAK

Penyakit mimisan atau lebih bisa disebut mimisan bisa dialami oleh
siapa saja, meskipun lebih sering terjadi pada anak-anak. Perlu
diketahui, bahwa di bagian dalam depan rongga hidung kita ada kumpulan
pembuluh darah. Nah, pada anak, kumpulan pembuluh darah ini biasanya
lebih rentan pecah, dan menimbulkan perdarahan. Biasanya, pembuluh
darah serta sel lendir pada rongga hidung anak tersebut akan lebih
kuat setelah ia lulus sekolah dasar.

Penyebab mimisan:
1. Benturan pada hidung, misalnya karena anak terjatuh atau hidungnya terpukul.
2. Kebiasaan mengorek hidung yang berlebihan, misalnya karena gatal,
atau anak berusaha mengeluarkan kerak hidung yang mengering.
3. Hidung kemasukan benda asing, seperti biji-bijian, atau benda kecil
lain yang menimbulkan infeksi dan terjadinya perdarahan (biasanya
ditandai dengan terciumnya bau busuk dari lubang hidungnya).
4. Perubahan cuaca, misalnya dari bermain di bawah terik matahari lalu
masuk ke dalam rumah ber-AC, atau menghadapi perubahan tekanan udara.
5. Penyakit infeksi, terutama yang disertai demam tinggi secara
mendadak, seperti demam berdarah.
6. Penyakit darah, seperti leukemia (kanker darah) dan hemofilia
(darah tidak bisa membeku).


CARA MENGATASI MIMISAN PADA ANAK

Mimisan digolongkan menjadi 2, ringan dan berat. Mimisan ringan
apabila sumber perdarahan adalah dari bagian depan rongga hidung.
Sementara mimisan yang berat terjadi bila sumbernya dari dalam atau
belakang rongga hidung. Mimisan jenis ini harus lebih diwaspadai dan
dicari tahu apa penyebabnya.

Sekitar 90% kasus mimisan pada anak tergolong ringan, dan dapat
diatasi sendiri di rumah. Jadi, begitu anak mimisan, lakukanlah segera
tindakan berikut:

1. Minta anak duduk bersandar dengan kepala sedikit menunduk ke depan,
agar darah tidak mengalir ke bagian belakang (darah yang tertelan
dapat merangsang timbulnya batuk atau rasa mual sehingga anak muntah).
2. Kalau keadannya terlalu lemah, baringkan dengan meletakkan bantal
di punggunggnya.
3. Jepit kedua cuping hidung dengan jari tangan selama sekitar 5
menit. Sementara itu mintalah anak untuk bernapas melalui mulut.
4. Bersihkan darah yang mengotori wajahnya.
5. Kompres dingin pada batang hidung juga bisa membantu menghentikan perdarahan.
6. Bila perdarahan belum juga berhenti, sumbat hidungnya dengan kain
kasa atau sapu tangan yang bersih, lalu bawa anak segera ke dokter.
Selama dalam perjalanan, usahakan agar anak selalu dalam posisi duduk
menyandar.

Satu hal yang perlu diingat dalam melakukan pertolongan adalah
bersikap tenang. Kepanikan hanya akan membuat tindakan Anda jadi tidak
rasional dan merugikan si kecil.

Apabila setelah 10 menit perdarahan masih berlanjut, dan disertai
panas, sebaiknya segera bawa anak ke dokter. Karena, bisa jadi ini
merupakan indikasi suatu penyakit serius, seperti demam berdarah,
tumor ganas pada rongga hidung, kanker darah, atau haemofilia.

Dokter akan mencari sumber perdarahan dengan bantuan alat pengisap
untuk membersihkan hidung dari bekuan darah. Kemudian, hidung
'disumbat' tampon khusus untuk hidung selama 3-5 menit. Dengan cara
ini dapat diketahui apakah sumber perdarahan dari depan atau belakang
rongga hidung. Pada kasus-kasus tertentu diperlukan pemeriksaan
laboratorium dan/atau radiologi.

Semoga informasi mengenai beberapa penyebab mimisan pada anak dan cara
mengatasi mimisan diatas dapat membantu :)

*berbagai sumber

KANTOR KEDUA

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mungkin , untuk kita bantu teman2 di bawah teman2 yang bergabung di
jaringan kita.

4.Membantu dan membimbing downline (dikerjakan mayoritas oleh para
leader kami). banyak leader2 yang siap membantu..

Now, coba yuk cekitdot this website........
http://www.dbc-network.com/?id=mykidsfuture

English Study Tips

Most of students feel English is difficult, moreover if we should
study about grammar and vocabularies. Here there are some study tips
you can practice, who knows that you will improve your English;-)

# TARGET

Set small target of your study, example:

- learn 5 English words everyday ( Monday to Friday); review then on
Saturday and relax on Sunday
- read and learn a short English text every week
- listen and learn an English song every week, etc

Reaching your target step by step is much better than setting a huge
target that you cannot achieve. Easy does it … and keeps your
motivation up.

Many a mickle makes a muckle.


# MOTIVATION IS THE HALF WORK

"Boring!" Well, that's definitely not the way it works.

Try to find a positive aspect to studying. You can watch you favorite
movies in English or listen your favorite song. Then, you can write
down some useful words or phrases that you want to remember and try to
understand what they are about. Or check out celebrity sites and learn
more about famous actors, bands and other stars. This sure is good for
your vocabulary and on top of that – it's lots of fun.

Always look on the bright side of life.


# DON"T OVERDO

Limit your study! Studying 15 minutes per day is more effective than
studying 2 hours once every week. For a whole week, try studying 15
minutes each day. Not less. And definitively not more than that (even
if you could). You will see that the following day, studying is much
more fun, simply because you didn't push it to the limit the day
before.

Know when to stop before you start.

# TREAT YOURSELF

Everybody notices what you failed to do. But nobody appreciates what
you succeeded to do. That's rather frustrating, isn't it?

Appreciation is always a good motivation. And if nobody else
appreciates your efforts, you'll have to do it yourself. Set a target
for the day, the week or the term and do also set a reward for
yourself that you can look forward to, e.g.:

If I achieve the target, I will treat myself to ...

an adventurous monster killing game on my computer
a visit to the cinema at the weekend
a short trip to London
...

If it's a long-time target, write your reward down on a piece of paper
and hang it up in a place where it catches your eye. This sure will be
a good motivation.

Go for it!

# FIND FRIENDS TO STUDY ENGLISH

Meet friends and study English together.

You can repeat your English vocabulary, do your homework together and
help each other with English grammar. And why not try one of our games
on ego4u. Studying with friends simply is much more fun.

It's also a good oportunity to exchange ideas on studying in general.
Maybe your friends have found out about a good way of studying more
effectively. Or, who knows, maybe you can advise your friends on this?

All for one and one for all.

Pronunciation Poem

Finding this poem made me remember when first I studied at UNJ
(formerly known as IKIP Jakarta). First semester, with limited
knowledge of English and bad pronunciation, I drowned myself in this
field. These were the poem My friend and I read to get our lips and
mouth and tongue used to speak and pronounce the English words. So, my
friends, try yourselves in front of the mirror....(ps. close your door
when you practice, you don't want your mommy or dad or bro or sis,
laughing at you ;-) wkwkwkwkwkwkwk.......)

English is tough stuff
Dearest creature in creation,
Study English pronunciation.
I will teach you in my verse
Sounds like corpse, corps, horse, and worse.
I will keep you, Suzy, busy,
Make your head with heat grow dizzy.
Tear in eye, your dress will tear.
So shall I! Oh hear my prayer.
Just compare heart, beard, and heard,
Dies and diet, lord and word,
Sword and sward, retain and Britain.
(Mind the latter, how it's written.)
Now I surely will not plague you
With such words as plaque and ague.
But be careful how you speak:
Say break and steak, but bleak and streak;
Cloven, oven, how and low,
Script, receipt, show, poem, and toe.

Hear me say, devoid of trickery,
Daughter, laughter, and Terpsichore,
Typhoid, measles, topsails, aisles,
Exiles, similes, and reviles;
Scholar, vicar, and cigar,
Solar, mica, war and far;
One, anemone, Balmoral,
Kitchen, lichen, laundry, laurel;
Gertrude, German, wind and mind,
Scene, Melpomene, mankind.

Billet does not rhyme with ballet,
Bouquet, wallet, mallet, chalet.
Blood and flood are not like food,
Nor is mould like should and would.
Viscous, viscount, load and broad,
Toward, to forward, to reward.
And your pronunciation's OK
When you correctly say croquet,
Rounded, wounded, grieve and sieve,
Friend and fiend, alive and live.

Ivy, privy, famous; clamour
And enamour rhyme with hammer.
River, rival, tomb, bomb, comb,
Doll and roll and some and home.
Stranger does not rhyme with anger,
Neither does devour with clangour.
Souls but foul, haunt but aunt,
Font, front, wont, want, grand, and grant,
Shoes, goes, does. Now first say finger,
And then singer, ginger, linger,
Real, zeal, mauve, gauze, gouge and gauge,
Marriage, foliage, mirage, and age.

Query does not rhyme with very,
Nor does fury sound like bury.
Dost, lost, post and doth, cloth, loth.
Job, nob, bosom, transom, oath.
Though the differences seem little,
We say actual but victual.
Refer does not rhyme with deafer.
Foeffer does, and zephyr, heifer.
Mint, pint, senate and sedate;
Dull, bull, and George ate late.
Scenic, Arabic, Pacific,
Science, conscience, scientific.

Liberty, library, heave and heaven,
Rachel, ache, moustache, eleven.
We say hallowed, but allowed,
People, leopard, towed, but vowed.
Mark the differences, moreover,
Between mover, cover, clover;
Leeches, breeches, wise, precise,
Chalice, but police and lice;
Camel, constable, unstable,
Principle, disciple, label.

Petal, panel, and canal,
Wait, surprise, plait, promise, pal.
Worm and storm, chaise, chaos, chair,
Senator, spectator, mayor.
Tour, but our and succour, four.
Gas, alas, and Arkansas.
Sea, idea, Korea, area,
Psalm, Maria, but malaria.
Youth, south, southern, cleanse and clean.
Doctrine, turpentine, marine.

Compare alien with Italian,
Dandelion and battalion.
Sally with ally, yea, ye,
Eye, I, ay, aye, whey, and key.
Say aver, but ever, fever,
Neither, leisure, skein, deceiver.
Heron, granary, canary.
Crevice and device and aerie.

Face, but preface, not efface.
Phlegm, phlegmatic, ass, glass, bass.
Large, but target, gin, give, verging,
Ought, out, joust and scour, scourging.
Ear, but earn and wear and tear
Do not rhyme with here but ere.
Seven is right, but so is even,
Hyphen, roughen, nephew Stephen,
Monkey, donkey, Turk and jerk,
Ask, grasp, wasp, and cork and work.

Pronunciation -- think of Psyche!
Is a paling stout and spikey?
Won't it make you lose your wits,
Writing groats and saying grits?
It's a dark abyss or tunnel:
Strewn with stones, stowed, solace, gunwale,
Islington and Isle of Wight,
Housewife, verdict and indict.

Finally, which rhymes with enough --
Though, through, plough, or dough, or cough?
Hiccough has the sound of cup.
My advice is to give up!!!


- What a great way to learn Pronunciation........have fun my friends...... -

PENYAKIT GONDONGAN

Gondongan (Mumps atau Parotitis) merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan
oleh virus Paramiksovirus RNA yang menyerang kelenjar ludah (kelenjar
parotis) di antara telinga dan rahang sehingga menyebabkan
pembengkakan pada leher bagian atas atau pipi bagian bawah.

Penyakit gondongan cenderung menyerang anak-anak yang berumur 2-12
tahun. Pada orang dewasa, infeksi ini bisa menyerang testis (buah
zakar), sistem saraf pusat, pankreas, prostat, payudara dan organ
lainnya.

Penyakit gondongan adalah penyakit menular

Penyebaran virus dapat ditularkan melalui kontak langsung, percikan
ludah, bahan muntah, mungkin dengan urin. Virus dapat ditemukan dalam
urin dari hari pertama sampai hari keempat belas setelah terjadi
pembesaran kelenjar.

Karena cara infeksi yang demikian mudah, maka penyakit Gondongan akan
sangat mudah menyebar terutama di lingkungan yang padat.

Namun demikian, penyakit gondongan sangat jarang ditemukan pada anak
yang berumur kurang dari 2 tahun, hal tersebut karena umumnya mereka
masih memiliki atau dilindungi oleh anti bodi yang baik. Seseorang
yang pernah menderita penyakit gondongan, maka dia akan memiliki
kekebalan seumur hidupnya.

Gejala penyakit gondongan

Pada awal penyakit, gejala yang muncul adalah demam, sakit kepala,
lesu, nafsu makan berkurang; baru kemudian disusul dengan pembengkakan
pipi di daerah rahang bawah dekat telinga dan nyeri leher/telinga.
Gejala lain adalah nyeri tenggorokan hingga tidak bisa membuka mulut
dan sulit menelan, terutama pada 2 hari pertama.

Pengobatan penyakit gondongan

Pengobatan pasien gondongan sebenarnya tidak begitu spesifik seperti
halnya infeksi virus yang lain. Pengobatan hanya untuk menghilangkan
gejala. Diharapkan penyakit ini akan sembuh sendiri selama 3 sampai 4
hari.

Banyak orang bilang bila gondongan diberi blau saja, nanti akan sembuh
sendiri. Memang gondongan akan sembuh sendiri seperti halnya penyakit
lain yang disebabkan oleh virus, namun tidak ada bukti ilmiah mengenai
khasiat blau.

Antibiotika tidak perlu diberikan karena penyakit ini disebabkan oleh
virus sehingga tidak akan mati dengan antibiotika. Secara umum tidak
ada obat alami yang khusus untuk gondongan, obat alami yang diberikan
hanya untuk mengurangi gejalanya saja. Untuk mengurangi demam dan rasa
sakit dapat diberikan Parasetamol. Kompres hangat atau dingin dapat
dilakukan untuk mengurangi nyeri di pipi.

Selain dengan blau, beberapa orang menyarankan belimbing wuluh sebagai
pengobat gondongan. Belimbing (Averrhoa pentandra ) memiliki beragam
khasiat untuk menyembuhkan berbagai macam penyakit, seperti penyakit
gondongan. Untuk mengobati gondongan bisa dicoba ramuan herbal yang
terbuat dari belimbing wuluh berikut ini.

Caranya yaitu, sediakan kira-kira 10 ranting muda belimbing berikut
daunnya. Siapkan juga 4 butir bawang merah.

Cuci bersih bersih semua bahan di atas. Setelah itu ditumbuk hingga
halus halus. Cara pakinya yaitu dengan membalurkan ke tempat yang
bengkak dan sakit, biasanya di sekitar leher dan bawah telinga.

Pipi bengkak pada gondongan akan kempes dengan sendirinya, tapi berapa
lamanya tergantung pada daya tahan tubuh dan ganas tidaknya virus yang
menyerang. Jika daya tahan tubuh bagus, pasti akan lebih cepat sembuh.
Sebaliknya, jika daya tahan tubuh buruk, maka penyakitnya bisa lebih
lama. Untuk itu, pastikan asupan makanan bergizi, banyak minum, dan
cukup istirahat. Makanan sebaiknya yang lunak-lunak dulu agar tidak
perlu banyak dikunyah. Hindari makanan yang asam atau pedas karena
dapat merangsang kelenjar ludah sehingga rasa nyeri bertambah hebat.
Apabila terjadi radang testis (orchitis), kompres dingin dapat
mengurangi nyeri.


Dari berbagai sumber

Subordinating Conjunctions

Subordinating conjunctions (disebut juga dependent words atau
subordinator) adalah konjungsi yang digunakan untuk menghubungkan
dependent clauses (anak kalimat) dengan independent clauses (induk
kalimat).

Konjungsi yang biasa digunakan adalah :

after, although, as, as much as, as if, as long as, as soon as, as
though, because, before, even if, even though, how, if, if only, in
order that, inasmuch, lest, now that, once, provided (that), rather
than, since, so that, than, that, though, till, unless, until,
whether, when, whenever, where, whereas, wherever, while.

Hubungan dependent clause dengan main clause (independent clause)
sangat membantu dalam mengungkapkan ide atau gagasan dan relasinya
dalam kalimat dan juga untuk menunjukkan tingkat kepentingan antara
ide/gagasan yang satu dengan yang lain.

Contoh:
- We didn't enjoy the day because the weather was so awful.
- Because it was raining, I took my umbrella.
- I'll start to think about it when I have to write my report.
- I was so tired that I feel asleep.
- Do it before you forget.
- Let us wait until the rain stops.
- After she had learned to drive, Alice felt more independent.
- If the paperwork arrives on time, your cheque will be mailed on Tuesday.

Subordinating conjunction diletakkan di depan dependent clause. Dan
bersama dengan subordinating conjunction, dependent clause dapat
diletakkan sebelum main clause (diikuti dengan koma) atau setelah main
clause (kadang-kadang menggunakan koma di depannya).
contoh:
- Although it was hot, he was wearing a coat.
- He was wearing a coat although it was hot.

Beberapa konjungsi menunjukkan makna waktu (time), pilihan (choice),
sebab dan alasan (cause and reason), akibat dan hasil (effect and
result), pertentangan atau perbedaan (opposition or contrast), tempat
(location), dan kondisi (condition):

a. Time: after, before, once, when, whenever, while, since, until
b. Choice: whether, rather than
c. Cause and reason: as, because, since
d. Effect and result: so, so that, in order that, that
e. Opposition or contrast: although, though, even though, whereas, while
f. Location: wherever, where
g. Condition: if, unless, only if, even if, provided (that)


Use the appropriate subordinate conjunctions for each sentence.

1. Paula got the job ________she had no experience.
2. I will be late today____my car has broken down.
3. Jeny passed the exam at the first time ______ I had to retake it three times.
4. Bob couldn't buy a new car _______ he doesn't have enough money.
5. I don't drink coffee _______ it makes me nervous.
6. ___________Endang doesn't speak English, she can't go to university
in Canada.
7. _________my wife likes to travel abroad, I prefer to stay at home
for my vacation.
8. _______it was raining, I didn't get wet.
9. _______ you tell me your problem, I will be glad to help you.
10. I will take you to a place _________ you want to visit.

INTIMACY

Setiap hari berjalan dengan kedekatan yang sangat antara nindy dan
juna. Segala tingkah dan celoteh mereka mengisi hari-hariku, tangisan,
tawa-canda, amarah, kesal, iri dan cemburu, peluk dan cium, selalu
menghiasi cerita kehidupanku.

Seperti hari ini, saat laptop menyala dan mereka mengganggu
pekerjaanku, bukan amarah atau kesal yang timbul. Namun, candaan yang
mereka lontarkan membuat rasa kesal luruh. Akhirnya pekerjaan ku
tertunda dan mulailah mereka menggunakan laptopku untuk kesenangan.
Fotography.....yup, bergaya didepan kamera adalah hobi yang paling
menyenangkan, sudah berpuluh-puluh bahkan ratusan foto terkumpul di pc
dan laptop kami. Jepret...jepret...jepret.......

You wanna know the result?????? Check-it-dot...my friends......

Types of English Conjunctions

Conjunction adalah kata hubung yang digunakan untuk menghubungkan dua
konstruksi gramatikal yang sama, yaitu words, phrases, clauses, dan
sentences.

1. Belinda and Mala are brothers.
2. I know that she is your aunt.
3. You must work hard or you will fail.

Pengertian Coordinate Conjunction

Coordinate conjunction adalah kata hubung yang digunakan untuk
menghubungkan dua konstruksi gramatikal yang sama yaitu: kata, phrase
(frasa), atau clause (klausa).

Elemen yang dihubungkan biasanya bersifat paralel (kedudukannya
sejajar) secara struktur gramatikal.

Contoh Coordinate Conjunction

Coordinate Conjunction
1. For (karena; hubungan: Cause & Effect(sebab & akibat); ex. He
didn't come last night, for he fell asleep.

2. And (dan); hubungan: Addition (penambahan); ex. The trainees laugh
and cry simultaneously.

3. Nor (tidak); hubungan: Addition (penambahan); ex. She doesn't come
to the ceremony, nor do her friends.

4. But (tapi, namun); hubungan: Contrast(pertentangan); ex. The man
helped in sincerity but they thought negatively.

5. Or (atau); hubungan: Alternative(pilihan), ex. What do you prefer
to stay at home or go to the cinema on this weekend?

6. Yet (tapi, namun); hubungan: Contrast (pertentangan); ex. The book
is thick, yet the text is large.

7. So (agar, sehingga); hubungan: Reason (tujuan); ex. Please
reconsider, so you will not regret oneday.

Exercise on Co-ordinate Conjunctions

Put the suitable coordinate conjunctions (FANBOYS) to each sentence.
1. I like coffee _______ I hate milk.
2. My friend fell down from the stairs ______ sprained his ankle.
3. She has to work on Saturday ______ she couldn't come to your party.
4. Don't tell James about the party ______ you'll ruin the surprise.
5. Karen gave him a new bike _____ she had promised it on his birthday.
6. The old woman speaks neither English _____ French.
7. I'm Polish _____ my father's Vietnamese.
8. Billy needed some money _____ he borrowed from his parents.
9. She's good at Math _____ her favorite subject is history.
10. Would you like going to Bali ______ visiting your grandparents?


Semoga penjelasan singkat mengenai Co-ordinate Conjunction ini dapat
memberikan pemahaman bagi anda semua. Saya berharap anda dapat
mengerjakan latihan tersebut untuk dapat mengukur pemahaman anda akan
penjelasan di atas. Selanjutnya jika ada komentar silahkan berikan
pada kotak comment.

Degree of Comparison

Sebagaian besar kata sifat diskriptif (descriptive adjectives) dan
kata sifat kuantitatif (quantitative adjective) memiliki tingkat
perbandingan yang menerangkan kata benda.

Dalam bahasa Inggris tingkat-tingkat perbandingan pada kata sifat
disebut the degrees of comparison (tingkat perbandingan)

Degree of Comparison atau sering juga disebut dengan "Comparative
Degree" adalah bentuk keterangan yang berfungsi untuk membandingkan
kondisi, sifat, keadaan dari satu benda dengan benda yang lainnya.

The degrees of comparison (tingkat perbandingan) berjumlah tiga
tingkat, yaitu :

1. The positive degree (tingkat biasa)
2. The comparative (tingkat lebih/perbandingan)
3. The superlative (tingkat paling)

Contoh :

* She is a tall student. (the positive degree – the sentence talk
about a person (one noun), so we use positive degree).
* She is as tall as Jihan. (the positive degree)
* She is taller than Juan. (the comparative degree – the sentence talk
about two persons, membandingkan (compare) she dan Juan.
* She is the tallest student. (the superlative – the sentence talk
about someone/something which is the most (yang paling).

Sebelum kita membahas mengenai topik ini, ada baiknya kita mengingat
bentuk kaidah-kaidah perubahan kata sifat menjadi tingkat lebih
(comparative) dan tingkat paling (superlative).

1. Kata Sifat dengan 1 suku kata

Kata sifat yang terdiri dari 1 suku kata, seperti big, small, old,
thin, dll kita hanya perlu menambahkan akhiran "-er" untuk tingkat
lebih (Comparative) dan akhiran "-est" untuk tingkat paling
(Superlative).

Contoh:
• Big - bigger - biggest = Besar - Lebih besar - Paling besar
• Small - smaller - smallest = Kecil - Lebih kecil - paling kecil
• Thin - thinner - thinnest = Tipis - lebih tipis - paling tipis
• Old - older - oldest = Tua - lebih tua - paling tua

Contoh Kalimat:
• Your house is bigger than mine, but Alex's house is the biggest.
(Rumahmu lebih besar daripada rumahku, tapi rumahnya Alex lah yang
paling besar.)
• Your house is smaller than Alex's, but mine is the smallest.
(Rumahmu lebih kecil daripada rumahnya Alex, tapi rumahkulah yang paling kecil)
• You should bring the thinner book.
(Kamu seharusnya membawa buku yang lebih tipis)
• I am 20 years old. Budi is 21 years old. Andi is 22 years old.
o I am younger than Budi and Budi is younger than Andi. I am the
youngest boy here.
(Saya lebih muda daripada Budi dan Budi lebih muda daripada Andi. Saya
anak yang paling muda disini)
o Andi is older than Budi and Budi is older than I am, so Andi is the oldest.
(Andi lebih tua daripada Budi dan Budi lebih tua daripada saya, jadi
Andi yang paling tua)

2. Kata Sifat yang lebih dari 1 suku kata

Kata sifat yang terdiri lebih dari 1 suku kata, maka kita perlu
menambahkan kata "more" sebelum kata benda untuk tingkat lebih
(Comparative) dan "most" untuk tingkat paling (Superlative).

Contoh:
• Beautiful - more beautiful - most beautiful = Cantik - Lebih cantik
- Paling Cantik
• Expensive - more expensive - most expensive = Mahal - Lebih mahal -
Paling mahal
• Interesting - more interesting - most interesting = Menarik - Lebih
menarik - paling menarik

Contoh Kalimat:
• You look more beautiful with that dress, still I am the most
beautiful woman in this party.
(Kamu kelihatan lebih cantik dengan gaun itu, tapi tetap saja akulah
yang paling cantik di pesta ini.)
• My Handphone is more expensive than yours but Jack's is the most
expensive Handphone here.
(HPku lebih mahal daripada punyamu, tapi HPnya Jacklah yang paling mahal disini)

3. Kata Sifat yang berakhiran dengan huruf "y"

Khusus untuk kata sifat yang berakhiran huruf "y" walaupun terdiri
lebih dari 1 suku kata, maka kita harus menambahkan akhiran "-er"
untuk tingkat lebih (Comparative) dan akhiran "-est" untuk tingkat
paling (Superlative) dengan terlebih dahulu mengganti akhiran "y" tadi
menjadi "i".

Contoh:
• Happy - happier - happiest - Senang - Lebih senang - paling senang
• Easy - easier - easiest - Mudah - Lebih mudah - paling mudah
• Busy - busier - busiest - Sibuk - lebih sibuk - paling sibuk

Contoh Kalimat:
• I am the happiestman in this world.
(Saya adalah orang yang paling bahagia di dunia ini!)
• This examination is easier than I imagined before.
(Ujian ini lebih mudah dari yang saya bayangkan sebelumnya)
4. Kata Sifat yang berakhiran dengan some, ow, le, dan er
Khusus kata sifat yang berakhiran "-some", "-ow", "-le", dan "-er",
Anda dapat menambahkan kata "more" atau "er" sebelum kata benda untuk
tingkat lebih (Comparative) dan "most" atau "est" untuk tingkat paling
(Superlative). Namun pada umumnya, awalan "more" dan "most" paling
banyak digunakan.

Contoh:
• Handsome - more handsome/handsomer - most handsome/handsomest
• Narrow - more narrow/narrower - most narrow/narrowest
• Gentle - more gentle/gentler - most gentle/gentlest
• Clever - more clever/cleverer - most clever/cleverest

Contoh kalimat:
• I think Yusuf is the most handsome people in this class.
(Saya rasa Yusuf adalah orang tertampan di kelas ini)
• His brother is cleverer than he is.
(Abangnya lebih pintar daripada dia)

5. Kata Sifat tak beraturan

Ada beberapa kata sifat yang mempunyai bentuk tidak beraturan untuk
Comparative dan Superlative -nya.
Contoh:
• Good - well - best = Baik - Lebih baik - Paling baik
• Bad - worse - worst = Jelek - lebih jelek - paling jelek
• Little - less - least = Sedikit - lebih sedikit - paling sedikit
• Much - more - most = Banyak - lebih banyak - paling banyak
• Many - more - most = Banyak - lebih banyak - paling banyak
• Far - further/farther - furthest/farthest = Jauh - lebih jauh - paling jauh

Contoh kalimat:
• He is good at tennis and he is the best player of the year.
(Dia pandai bermain tenis dan dia adalah pemain tenis terbaik sepanjang tahun)
• The Simpsons gets more points than The Hunts does.
(Keluarga Simpson memperoleh lebih banyak poin daripada keluarga Hunt)

6. Kata Sifat lainnya

Polite, quiet, wicked, pleasant, tired, cruel, stupid memiliki 2 jenis
tingkat perbandingannya seperti yang berlaku pada kata sifat jenis no.
4. Namun, ada baiknya menggunakan more dan most untuk tingkat lebih
dan tingkat paling-nya.

Contoh:
• Her sister behaves more politely than she does.
(Adiknya lebih sopan daripada dia)
• She is the stupidest student in the class.
(Dia adalah murid yang terbodoh di kelas itu)

7. Kata Sifat yang tidak dapat dibuat tingkat perbandingannya
(Absolute Adjectives)
Untuk penjelasan ini, silahkan cari pada situs ini tentang Absolute
Adjectives, yaitu kata sifat yang tidak dapat digunakan dalam bentuk
Comparative dan Superlative.

Contoh:
• Wrong, right, single, empty, full, equal, correct, unique,
universal, perfect, pregnant, etc

Contoh:
• My bucket is emptier than his. (SALAH)
(Ember saya lebih kosong daripada embernya)
• My bucket is empty but his's not.
(Ember saya kosong tetapi embernya tidak)

sumber: internet and books

RELATIVE CLAUSE

Relative Clause adalah bagian dari kalimat (anak kalimat) yang memberi
keterangan pada orang atau benda yang mendahuluinya. Istilah Relative
Clause sama dengan Adjective Clause. Disebut Adjective Clause karena
dia menerangkan benda atau orang yang mendahuluinya. Disebut Relative
Clause karena dia menghubungkan (me-relate) benda atau orang tersebut
dengan frasa di belakangnya. Relative Clause diawali dengan kata
penghubung who, whom, whose, which, that, dengan fungsi sebagai
berikut :

Who: menerangkan orang sebagai subject
Whom: menerangkan kan orang sebagai object (menggantikan me, you, us,
him, her, them, it)
Whose:menerangkan orang sebagai pemilik (menggantikan my, your, our,
his, her, their, its)
Which: menerangkan benda sebagai subject maupun object
That menerangkan orang atau benda baik sebagai subject maupun object

Contoh:

Orang atau benda yang bergaris bawah pada kalimat sebelah kiri adalah
sama dengan kata ganti orang atau benda yang bergaris bawah dalam
kalimat sebelah kanan.
Kata penghubung dibuat berdasarkan kata ganti orang atau benda dalam
kalimat di sebelah kanan.

1. The fisherman gave us some tunas. He caught a lot of tunas.
--The fisherman who caught a lot of tunas gave us some. (subjek)

2. The farmer was away on holiday. I wanted to see him.
--The farmer whom I wanted to see was away on holiday. (objek)

3. The woman asked me. Her bike was lost.
--The woman whose bike was lost asked me. (pemilik)

4. The book is a best seller. It is written by Mark Twain.
-- The book which is written by Mark Twain is a best seller.


Latihan

1. the man talked all the time. I sat next to him on the plane.
The man ...................................

2. A man answered the phone. He told me you were out.
The man .................................

3. A waitress served us. she was very impolite and impatient.
The ...............................

4. Some boys were arrested. They have stolen my car.
The boys ...............................

5. We saw some people. Their car had broken down.
We saw some people ......................

Solusi

1. I met a man ........... is kind to everybody.
2. The woman .............. I called gave me some information.
3. I know the man ............. bike is lost.
4. I'll show you the ring .............. he gave to me.
5. The man with .................. you came to the party is my father.


Untuk memecahkan soal seperti di atas, dapat digunakan trik sebagai berikut:

1. Jika kata sebelum titik-titik adalah menunjukkan manusia, dan
setelah titik-titik adalah kata kerja atau kata kerja bantu seperti to
be atau modals, atau auxilliary 'do' (is, isn't, do, don't,
will,won't, can, can't, was, wasn't, dll), maka isi titik-titik adalah
who.

2. Jika kata sebelum titik-titik adalah menunjukkan manusia, atau
manusia diikuti oleh kata depan seperti with, to, by, from, dll dan
setelah titik-titik adalah subjek (kata benda, nama orang, atau kata
ganti: I, you, we she, he, it, Abdel, Temon, dll), maka isi
titik-titik adalah whom.

3. Jika kata sebelum titik-titik adalah menunjukkan orang, atau hewan,
dan kata setelah titik-titik adalah kata benda (yang berarti
'kepemilikan' - ex. my book), maka isi titik-titik tersebut adalah
whose.

4. Jika kata sebelum titik-titik adalah kata benda yang menunjukkan
bukan manusia, maka isi titik-titik adalah which.

Dengan demikian jawaban untuk soal-soal di atas adalah:

LATIHAN :
1. The man whom I sat next to on the plane talked all the time.
2. The man who told me you were out answered the phone.
3. The waitress who was impolite and impatient served us.
4. The boys who have stolen my car were arrested.
5. We saw people whose car had broken down.

SOLUSI : 1. who, 2. whom, 3. whose, 4. which, 5. whom


Catatan; Dalam bahasa percakapan sehari-hari whom seringkali tidak
dipakai, sebagai gantinya adalah who; I met the man who(m) you talked
to last week.

KARTINI DAY.....

Perayaan hari Kartini di sekolah RA AL Husna akhirnya telah tiba. 28
April 2012, untuk pertama kalinya Ayah mengijinkan Nindy untuk dandan.
Kata ayah hari ini hari spesial untuk nindy, jadi nindy boleh dandan,
tapi tetep......nindy ga boleh dandan menor-menor. Bunda yang
diijinkan ayah untuk make up nindy, tipis-tipis aja ya bund, pesan
ayah.

Jam 6 pagi, nindy dah mandi, trus bunda buatin susu coklat dan siapin
kue bolu coklat untuk sarapan. nyam....nyam...nyam.....yummy..........
Sementara itu bunda menyiapkan peralatan make up-nya. Ga make up
lengkap, kata bunda, ini hanya bedak, lipstik, pensil alis dan eye
liner. Bunda ga punya blush on dan eye shadow, jadi make up standar
aja dech...padahal nindy mo banget di make up lengkap:-( Tapi ga
apa-apa, yang penting didandanin sama bunda....... Nindy ga mo kalo ke
salon, lama banget trus pastinya ga bisa sabar seperti bunda.........

Setelah sarapan nindy habis, trus siap-siap..... Nindy duduk di depan
bunda, trus bunda mendandani nindy dech. Pertama, bunda bedakin muka
nindy pake bedak nindy, trus bedak tabur bunda yang warna beige.
pok.....pok...pok..... Setelah itu bunda tebalin alis nindy,
sret....sret....sret.....alis nindy jadi hitam. Trus, garis mata nindy
diperjelas menggunakan eye liner, mata nindy jadi aneh yach. Sayang ga
ada eye shadow, jadi ga berwarna dech. Trus, bunda poles pipi nindy
pake lipstik merah bata, trus di ratain pake jari bunda. Nindy disuruh
nyengir-nyengir, kata bunda biar jelas tulang pipi nindi, jadi bunda
bisa pas moles lipstik di pipi nindy. (Jadi merah, seperti pake blush
on). Trus bunda bedakin lagi muka nindy pake bedak blushing pearl-nya
oriflame. Muka nindy jadi blinking.....ada kerlip-kerlipnya.
Lucu....... Terakhir bunda poles bibir nindy pake lipstik
merah.....mmmmmmm, bibir nindy jadi seksi dech, kata bunda.
Hehehehehe.......;-) I Love it...!!!!

Akhirnya selesai juga muka nindy di dandanin, sekarang rambut nindy di
pakein bando. Trus, nindy pake rok batik dan kebaya putih, pinjeman
dari mba isna.....hehehehe ga modal yach;-) YEs, finish!!!!!!

Hasilnya, wouw.......beautiful, seru ayah. mmmmmmm, ayah bisa aja,
nindy jadi malu nich. Trus, ayah minta nindy untuk foto sama ayah.
Cekrek.....cekrek.....cekrek....
Bergaya sama ayah, trus bergaya sendiri seperti model........

Thank you my mommy....Love you Bunda......

Reported Speech

Kadangkala kita perlu mengatakan apa yang telah dikatakan oleh orang
lain. Ada dua cara untuk melakukan ini dalam bahasa Inggris, yakni
direct speech dan reported speech.

Direct speech

Direct speech menyatakan ulang secara persis apa yang telah dikatakan
oleh orang lain.

Contoh:
• Vera said, "I'm so happy today".
• The president said, "I need a vacation".

Reported speech

Reported speech secara tidak langsung melaporkan apa yang dikatakan orang lain.

Contoh:
• Vera said she was so happy today.
• The president said he needed a vacation.

Dalam bahasa Inggris moderen, bentuk past perfect sering tidak
diperlukan untuk reported speech bentuk lampau, kita cukup menggunakan
past simple tense.

Berikut beberapa bentuk kata kerja umum dalam direct dan reported speech

Tenses Direct / Reported Speech

Simple present I said, "She is busy".
I said she was busy.

Present continuous I said, "I am working now".
I said I was working now

Simple past I said, "She was here this morning".
I said she had been here this morning.

Past continuous I said "She was studying all yesterday"
I said she had been studying all yesterday

Present perfect I said, "She has worked here for 5 years."
I said she had worked here for 5 years.

Past perfect I said, "She had worked here for 5 years."
I said she had worked here for 5 years.

Future I said, "She will work here from July."
I said she would work here from July.

Future continuous I said, "We'll be living here for 6 months."
I said we would be living here
for 6 months.

Can I said, "She can play the piano well."
I said she could play the piano well.

Kalimat Interrogative Dion said," Have you had your dinner?"
Dion asked me if I had dad my dinner.

Kalimat Imperative My mother said," Close the door."
My mother told me to close the door.

That

Reported speech sering diberikan sebagai bagian dari klausa-that,
khususnya dalam bahasa tertulis dan bahasa yang lebih formal.

Contoh:
• He said that he would arrive at 10.00.
• He said he would arrive at 10.00.

Kedua kalimat ini bermakna sama, dan that bisa dihilangkan tanpa ada
perubahan makna.

Subjunctive - Wish

Sebagai subjunctive, kata wish ini dapat digunakan untuk menyatakan
suatu keinginan atau harapan yang tidak terpenuhi.

Wish – about the Future – mengungkapkan pengandaian akan keadaan atau
suasana di masa depan yang mungkin/tidak mungkin terjadi.

Bentuk : Subject + wish + that* + would/could
Subject + wish + that + past tense
* that dapat dihilangkan.

Contoh:

I wish she would come to his party tonight. (Real fact : She will
come if she finishes her job)
He wishes he were going to be here tomorrow. (Real fact : He's going
to be here is he has time)
I wish I could do the exam next week. (Real fact : I study and hoping
I can do it)


Wish – about the Present – mengungkapkan pengandaian akan keadaan atau
suasana saat ini yang tidak mungkin (impossible) terjadi.

Bentuk : Subject + wish + that* + past tense
* that dapat dihilangkan.

Contoh:

I wish I had a lot of money. (Real fact : I don't have much money.)
I wish he could help you. (Real fact : He can't help you.)
I wish I were a bird. (Real fact : I'm not a bird.)
I wish I knew her address. (Real fact : I don't know her address.)

#Untuk kata bantu dalam bentuk past digunakan : were (untuk semua
subject: I, you, they, we, he, she, it)

Wish – about the Past – mengungkapkan pengandaian akan keadaan atau
suasana masa lalu yang tidak terjadi.

Bentuk : Subject + wish + that* + past perfect
* that dapat dihilangkan.

Contoh :

He wishes he had told me the truth. (Real fact : He didn't tell me the truth.)
Sasongko wishes he hadn't met any obstacles. (Real fact : He met some
obstacles.)
I wish I had been more careful when I used it. (Real fact : I was
careless in the past)
She wishes she had married another man. (Real fact : She regrets she
chose him.)

REVIEW ON GRAMMAR

QUIZ FOR STUDENTS OF ENGLISH (PRE INTERMEDIATE LEVEL)

CAUSATIVE – HAVE, MAKE, GET, LET - Put the verb in the bracket into
the correct form.

1. Please have the maid ___________ ( lay ) the table.
2. Don't let him __________ (say) this thing about you!
3. The chief make the people _____________( clean ) the environment.
4. Budi has his house_______________ ( repaint )
5. Have you got the boy ______________( post ) the letters ?

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES – ZERO, TYPE 1, 2, AND 3 - & SUBJUNCTIVE WISH
For each sentence, choose the best word or phrase to complete the gap
from the choices below.

1. If you _____________ me it was important, I would have tried harder. (tell)
2. If I _____________ here, I would be in the Gambia now, lying on a
beach. (come)
3. I'd be only too happy to help you, if I ______________ the money. (have)
4. You can stay with me if you________________ to London. (come)
5. If he _____________ Pete, he would accept the job offer from PT. XYZ. (be)
6. He is very upset. I wish he _____________ me about his problem. (tell)
7. Tom won't lend me his car. I wish he __________ me his car for my
date tonight. (lend)
8. We need help. I wish Rena____________here now. (be)
9. I didn't say anything to them yesterday. I wish I _____________
something. (say)
10. I am going to Japan today and I don't understand Japanese. I
wish I _____ Japanese. (know)

QUESTION TAG - For each sentence, choose the best word or phrase to
complete the gap from the choices below.

1. If you have a problem, you will tell me, _______________ you?
2. You didn't tell him why we were there, _____________ you?
3. What he said was wrong, ______________ it?
4. Look at the sunset. Magnificent, _________________ it?
5. You've been here several times before, _______________ you?

PASSIVE VOICE - Active or Passive – Read and complete the text with
the correct form of the verb in the bracket.

A news reporter ____________(announce) the today news.
The world's smallest aeroplane ______________(invent) in China. The
weight is just 100mg. At the moment it __________(use) by the police
to film people from above.
Yesterday it _______________(admit) by the government in Sydney that
many of the tickets for the Sydney Olympic games
______________________(not offer) to the public.

REPORTED SPEECH - Report the sentences below.

1. "If I were you, Peter, I would get a better job." - Dad advised ……………………….
2. Mr. Adam said," Get out of my garden." - He told………………………………
3. "Can you help me with my homework?" - Dave asked me ……………………
4. "I've worked with all stars in the world. - Disa said……………………………
5. "Dena was working on her application ." - John said…………………………...